The battle (or the main one) was waged in "the wadi," by which is perhaps meant the Wadi of Egypt (cf. 3:1213). 15:15 ASV). According to 1 Samuel 14:47, 48 the king had fought against this enemy. Completely destroy all that they have. and only as a remnant whom some of the Simeonites defeated at Mount Seir (i.e., Edom; Gen 32:3; 1 Chron 4:41-43). When the Israelites left Egypt and set out toward Canaan (see Exodus 17:8 ff. If hypothetically Paris were to be invaded and all the Parisians were killed, but Paris infrastructure was still usable, would it be too much to consider another group of people move in? Deuteronomy explicitly admonishes the Israelites to remember Amalek and blot out its memory from under heaven, whereas in the Exodus version this can only be inferred (see above). The decisive clash between Israel and Amalek came only with the advent of the monarchy, in the famous Amalekite war of Saul. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Eventually it found its way to Iraq where the Staff fell into the hands of the Yezidi and over time became worn. It seems that somehow or other, an Amalekite or two continued to survive and their theme always seems to be the destruction of the Jewish people: Aka Haman. 47:19). the whole creation has been groaning together in the pains of childbirth until now. 2:55), the Amalekites did not deviate from their desert nomadic character until they ceased to exist. What are the advantages of running a power tool on 240 V vs 120 V? What should I follow, if two altimeters show different altitudes? 600 Deut. Together with the Ammonites, they joined Moab against Israel and were among those who captured "the city of palms" apparently Jericho or the pasture lands of Jericho (Judg. The Amalekites seem to have been fairly well controlled under the monarchy, for the OT does not mention them again until the time of Hezekiah (c. 700 b.c.) Amalek was not destroyed, however, and at the end of this war Moses was ordered to write in a document, as a reminder, that the Lord would one day blot out the memory of Amalek from under the heaven. This demonstrates again Israels strong antipathy to Amalek. - Amalek & Israel - Land & People - The Amalekites & the Kenites - In the Aggadah Amalek and Israel c. In the time of Saul. Seir means Edom, in light of the fact that the concept "Seir" may be applied to a variety of regions (e.g., Josh. [8] One modern scholar believes this attests to Amalek's high antiquity,[9] while traditional commentator Rashi states: "He came before all of them to make war with Israel". If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at [email protected]. So this explains why David would still be fighting Amalekites in his time. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Repent therefore, and turn back, that your sins may be blotted out, that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord (Acts 3:1920 ESV). God saved the Jews in Persia, however, and Haman, his sons, and the rest of Israels enemies were destroyed instead (Esther 9:510). Horovitz and I.A. They were nomadic and moved around. d. Jethro visits and watches Moses Judge the people and offers Moses advice. [4] Amalek is described as the "chief of Amalek" among the "chiefs of the sons of Esau",[5] from which it is surmised that he ruled a clan or territory named after him. The dispute between Samuel and Saul with regard to the erem was not over the command itself, but the extent to which it had been put into effect. The Amalekites were a people of the Negev and adjoining desert that were a hereditary enemy of Israel from wilderness times to the early monarchy. 20:114, 24; Ezek. David William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1991. According to I Samuel 15:7, "Saul defeated the Amalekites from Havilah all the way to Shur, which is east of (or close to) Egypt." Sauls rebellion against God was so serious that he was rejected by God as king: For rebellion is as the sin of divination, and presumption is as iniquity and idolatry. Who a person is toward the family of Jesus (defined by Jesus as those gathered around him in faith and fellowship in Mark 3:33-34) is who that person is to Jesus. [27], Although Egyptian and Assyrian monumental inscriptions and records of the period survive which list various tribes and peoples of the area, no reference has ever been found to Amalek or the Amalekites. (Some scholars (Edeleman in Bibliography) have argued that there was a northern Amalekite enclave adjoining Ephraimite territory.) After he defeated the Amalekites, Joshua refrained from the common practice of abusing the bodies of the slain and instead "treated them with mercy" (Mekhilta, 181). Israel rebelled. They were a warlike people. This may be seen in the record of Saul's wars in which the war of Amalek receives special mention: "He did valiantly, and smote the Amalekites, and delivered Israel out of the hands of those who plundered them" (I Sam. All human beings stand under a sentence of death: for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23 ESV). God had a very good reason for wanting Saul to destroy the Amalekites. The Amalekites were a people of the Negev and adjoining desert that were a hereditary enemy of Israel from wilderness times to the early monarchy. The Amalekites harassed the Hebrews during their Exodus from Egypt and attacked them at Rephidim near Mount Sinai, where they were defeated by Joshua. Rashi explains the third commandment: From man unto woman, from infant unto suckling, from ox unto sheep, so that the name of Amalek not be mentioned even with reference to an animal by saying "This animal belonged to Amalek". 16 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, You may surely eat of every tree of the garden, 17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die. (Genesis 2:1517 ESV). The Amalekites, descendants of Amalek, were an ancient biblical nation living near the land of Canaan. Samuel's words more closely parallel the narrative about the attack of Amalek in the Book of Deuteronomy (25:1719), which relates that the Amalekites attacked the Israelites on their way out of Egypt, "when you were famished and weary," and cut down the stragglers in the rear, without mentioning any victorious Israelite counteraction. Telushkin, Joseph. Eynei Kol ai, 73, on Sanhedrin 96b. (I Samuel Their first encounter with Israel was when they attacked the rear of Israel but were defeated by Joshua at Rephidim (Ex 17:8-13, Deut 25:17, 18). [51], In addition, the Amalekites, as a physical nation, have been extinct since the time of Hezekiah's reign, according to the Hebrew Bible. Only if they refuse must they be physically killed. [28] While considerable knowledge about nomadic Arabs has been recovered through archeological research, no specific artifacts or sites have been linked to Amalek with any certainty. The command imposed on Saul to subject the Amalekites to the ban (erem), however, conforms to the version in Deuteronomy. It is also customary to recite Deuteronomy 25:1718 (see below) on the Shabbat before Purim. The end of the age will involve first separation, and only then, renewal and restoration. In this particular case, therefore, YHWH, who according to Exodus 17:16 had sworn eternal enmity to Amalek, permitted Amalek to defeat Israel, but, since He had specifically warned Israel against this particular undertaking, there is no real contradiction between Exodus 17:16 and Numbers 14:45. Answer (1 of 5): First thing to note, is that the Amalekites descended from Esau(Esau's Grandson is Amalek). Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! 3. Well, the city of Amalek (gotta attack the headquarters first before you plan a society's collapse) was located within the Havilah-Shur region. The Amalekites, throughout their history, were aggressive to the Israelites. From this chapter, God reveals sevens lessons about His judgment. Omissions? In effect, by setting encounters with Amalek in the days of Moses and Joshua, the writers of the Bible were saying that hostilities existed from time immemorial. It is possible that this tradition is based on abortive attempts by Israel to expand its holdings in the South during the premonarchic period (see Num. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 14:45). (I Samuel The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it. He states that "there is practically no historical evidence that anyone in the Great Church" viewed them as being purely an allegory. There seems to be a contradiction is scriptures. Early history. When Adam and Eve sin they are exiled from the garden and condemned to die: you are dust, and to dust you shall return. (Genesis 3:19 ESV). August 21, 2017. and Gr. In the course of time this biblical injunction became so deeply rooted in Jewish thought that many important enemies of Israel were identified as direct descendants of Amalek. 14:48). Why do you think they all lived in that city? [24], Alternatively, during the Islamic Golden Age, certain Arabic writings claimed that the Amalekites existed long before Abraham. [48], In addition, many rabbinic authorities ruled that the commandment only applies to a Jewish king or an organized community, and cannot be performed by an individual. Updates? Saul spared only the best of the sheep and of the oxen, besides Agag. The Biblical text states that the Israelites argued with Moses about the lack of water, with Moses rebuking the Israelites for testing Yahweh, hence the name Massah, which means testing. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Amalekites, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Amalek, Amalekites, Amalekites - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). c. Moses builds and altar. The matter was, therefore, a war of rescue as were the wars of the Judges, and it seems that because of its difficulty Saul vowed that in the event of success he would devote the spoil to the Lord by erem. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Start your free trial today. What was the reason for David to leave no man or women alive? Thus, in 1 Samuel 15:3, it was considered necessary to destroy the livestock in order to destroy Amalek.[32]. They were the first nation to attack the Jewish people after the Exodus from Egypt, and they are seen as the archetypal enemy of the Jews. The Amalekites took part in the battles in the valley of Jezreel (6:33; 7:12) and perhaps also in the Jordan Valley, but there is no evidence that Gideon also fought with the Amalekites in his pursuit of the Midianites in Transjordan. [16] It has been further argued that if the identification of the settlements at Tel Masos with the Amalekites is correct, then behind the biblical narrative of Saul's campaigns against this central Amalekite station of the southern network of metal transportation and trade, there may have been a strategic desire to wrest control of copper production, a metal of key importance in the early Israelite period and, it is argued, in its early theology and ritual.[17]. David pursued the Amalekites, defeated all but four hundred of them, and took back all that had been stolen ( 1 Samuel 30:17-20 ). Rather in Numbers 24:20 Amalek as first is to be understood as its being the first among the nations to attack Israel in her Exodus experiences (cf. The New Testament Apostles did not understand that reality to have been nullified by the Gospel of Jesus Christ, rather they understood this Old Testament story, and others like it, as: an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly (2 Peter 2:6 ESV). [30][31], According to the Midrash, the Amalekites were sorcerers who could transform themselves to resemble animals, in order to avoid capture. BEST VALUE in digital Bible study. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In the wilderness wanderings. Contrary to Gods command, Saul kept alive the Amalekite king and the best of their livestock (vv. Davids initial encounter with the Amalekites, in the OT record, took place during the time of his association with Achish, king of Gath, when the young Israelite made raids in the S against the Amalekites and others (1 Sam 27:8). The Amalekites are not listed in the table of nations in Genesis 10, as they did not originate until after Esau's time. by H.S. In the Book of Exodus, the Amalekites attacked the Children of Israel on their journey to the land of Israel. Whereas the Kenites passed into permanent settlement during the First Temple period and were assimilated in Judah (I Chron. The Vulgate also names David as the author. Esau was the older brother of Jacob (who became Israel). We are living in the part of the story wherein the opportunity to be on the right side of this process is being extended to all people, everywhere. [24], By the 19th century, there was strong support by Western theologians for the idea that the nation of Amalek could have flourished before the time of Abraham. What sin did the Amalekites commit? It is related that when Samuel put Agag to death he said "As your sword has bereaved women, so shall your mother be the most bereaved of women" (I Sam. is there such a thing as "right to be heard"? 6:17 ff.). More closely historical than the Pentateuch's accounts of Amalek are the traditions set in the period of the Judges and the monarchy. 25:1219), for in the early days "the wars of Israel" and the "wars of the Lord" were synonymous expressions (cf., e.g., Judg. Human beings resemble God and represent God. It was only the Amalekite army who were destroyed (apart from King Agag). 24:7). Exodus 17 describes Israel's first encounter with the wandering Amalekites at Rephidim, a place between the wilderness of Sin and the wilderness of Sinai (Exod 17:1; 19:2), at which the Israelites camped in their Exodus journey from When wicked human beings exercise dominion, everything they touch is cursed. [14][15] An earlier hypothesis held that the Tel Masos site was an Israelite settlement mentioned in the Bible as Hormah. They lived amongst the Kenites, Canaanites, etc and if they lived amongst them there was definitely mixing and thus they was preserved. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Just as the weeds are gathered and burned with fire, so will it be at the end of the age. Repent therefore, and turn back, that your sins may be blotted out. According to the Bible, Amalek was the first enemy that Israel encountered after the crossing of the Sea of Reeds. 1 Sam. Im not suggesting this is the answer but its worth considering. If you are interested in more Bible teaching from Pastor Paul you can access the entire library of Into The Word episodes through the Audio tab on the Into the Word website. They lived primarily south of Canaan, in the Negev area and sometimes in the Sinai region. The Amalekites. How come David fought an Amalekite army that Saul has already eradicated a few years earlier? 2 Kings 17:24 KJV. An ancient marauding people in the S of Canaan and the Negeb who were fierce enemies of Israel particularly in the earlier part of her history. The reason for the Lords concern about disobedient Israels encountering Amalek and other enemies without His special power was that the Amalekites who dwelt in both the hill country and in the valleys of S Canaan and the Negeb, were effective fighters in both areas (Num 14:25, 44, 45). The new inhabitants are now referred to as Samarians. [25] According to Samuel Cox, the Amalekites were the "first" in their hostility toward the Israelites. 13:13 ff. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. In no case did the Amalekites as a whole suffer decisive defeat at this time and their center in the Negev was not harmed. The etymology is uncertain, according to John L. McKenzie (1995), while Cox (1884) suggested "High." Genesis 36:10These are the names of Esau's sons; Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau, Reuel the son of Bashemath the wife of Esau. 1 Chronicles 4:41-43 (NASB) 41 "These, recorded by name, came in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and [a]attacked their tents and the Meunites who were found there, and destroyed them utterly . and more. Amalek and Israel. God also gave each an opportunity to repent before He judged them. When it says that the iniquity of the Amorites has not reached its fullness, one way of looking at it is that there was still a chance to eliminate the gene pool of the seed of the elohim. This brought a curse of ultimate annihilation from Moses (Ex 17:14-16, Deut 25:19) and Balaam (Num 24:20). The last remnants appear to have been largely eliminated by the tribe of Simeon during the time of Hezekiah (1 Chron 4:42, 43). In commemoration of the victory, Moses built an altar which he called "YHWH-Nissi," and proclaimed that "The Eternal will be at war against Amalek throughout the ages." These verses relate that some of the Simeonites went to Mt. Surely, there were Amalekites who lived beyond this region. What does a shepherd do with his rod and staff? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Emmanuel Velikovsky, a relentless researcher, provided evidence for this possibility in his book Ages in Chaos. That is possible but we do not have any documentation. For an Rabbanic explanation of Timna lineage see. This book was written to address and resolve the 600 year disparity between Biblical history and secular ancient history. Shengold Books. When those privileged to enter the eternal kingdom express surprise over the grace being shown to them, Jesus says: Truly, I say to you, as you did it to one of the least of these my brothers, you did it to me. (Matthew 25:40 ESV). When these peoples came with considerable forces and camped in the Valley of Jezreel (6:33), Gideon and his 300 men, under the direction of the Lord, routed and killed many of them (7:19-23). God hates it when the strong take cruel advantage over the weak, especially when the weak are His people. The Amalekites as a nomadic desert tribe moved in the area from the Sinaitic region and the steppe land of the Negeb in S Canaan, S of Beersheba, over E to include the Arabah region N of Elath and Ezion-geber and possibly the more interior Arabia. 47:19), then this battle was waged in the northern part of the Sinai Peninsula. Why did US v. Assange skip the court of appeal? The rabbis derived these from Deuteronomy 25:1718, Exodus 17:14 and 1 Samuel 15:3. According to the biblical account, the war began as a result of a divine command of the Lord to Saul through Samuel to smite Amalek and destroy it, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass" (I Sam. Within this period of the Judges the Amalekites were associated with the Moabites, Ammonites, and Midianites in their marauding activities. How old was David when he fought Goliath? By submitting your email address, you understand that you will receive email communications from Bible Gateway, a division of The Zondervan Corporation, 3900 Sparks Drive SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA, including commercial communications and messages from partners of Bible Gateway. While the Jews were still in Rephidim, the Amalekites, a mightily and fierce people, descendants of Esau, and well-trained in the art of warfare, suddenly attacked the people of Israel.It was an unprovoked and cowardly attack upon a tired and weary people, just liberated from slavery, on the way to their homeland. They were the first nation to attack the Israelites when they left Egypt ( Exodus 17:8; Numbers 14:45 ). Parisians maybe? The king attacked and conquered this foe with their city called Amalek (1 Sam 15:4-7) the exact location of which is not known. Therefore, Saul's boast the he had destroyed the Amalekites was not true and he was rebuked for this and other matters. Saul's act of extermination was not absolute, for he spared the best of the sheep and cattle setting aside part for a sacrifice to God and Agag, king of Amalek. That is why Gods partial acts of judgment and mitigation in the Old Testament tend to be broad and all-encompassing in their scope. (1 Samuel 30:17-18) Perhaps the Amalakites conscripted the help of their friendly neighbours. 7 Where did the Israelites go after leaving Rephidim? The name Amalek is not mentioned in writings outside the Bible. 1 Samuel 15 Easy-to-Read Version Saul Destroys the Amalekites 15 One day Samuel said to Saul, "The Lord sent me to anoint you king over his people Israel. According to the Midrash, the Amalekites were sorcerers who could transform themselves to resemble animals, in order to avoid capture. Now the Amalekites had raided the Negev and Ziklag. The Amalekites (/mlkats/[6]) were considered to be Amalek's descendants through the genealogy of Esau. Their final defeat occurred in the time of Hezekiah. Answer: The Amalekites were a tribe first mentioned during the time of Abraham ( Genesis 14:7 ). Save 15% on BibleGateway+ with code SPRINGSTUDY15. [58], "Amalekites" redirects here. Who attacked Israelites? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The command itself leaves little room for compassion or mercy: Thus says the LORD of hosts, I have noted what Amalek did to Israel in opposing them on the way when they came up out of Egypt. Deut 34:3). 17:14). 3:26) and the areas mentioned in the previous verses (I Chron. people spared the best of the sheep and of the oxen, to sacrifice unto Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. 1 Samuel 15:15 says: And Saul said, They have brought them from the Amalekites: for the What happens at the Split Rock of Rephidim? The line of promise thus becomes the locus of blessing and cursing in the world. The last mention of the Amalekites is found in the book of Esther where Haman the Agagite, a descendant of the Amalekite king Agag, connives to have all the Jews in Persia annihilated by order of King Xerxes. The wages of sin is death Old Testament and New. Did God permit David to marry numerous wives in 2 Samuel 12:8? You never know. That means that God gave the Amalekites more than 400 years to turn from their wicked ways as compared to the 40 days that he gave to the people of Nineveh but unlike the Ninevites, the Amalekites did not repent. Concerning further harassment Moses recounts how, in Israels journey from Egypt, Amalek, with no fear of God, attacked their rear guard and cut off those who became physically weak (Deut 25:17, 18). In the biblical genealogical system, Amalek is the son of Esau's son Eliphaz by Eliphaz's concubine Timna (Gen. 36:12). The Edomites themselves survived beyond the time of Jesus. In Genesis 2:15-17 we are told: The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it. They were, and still continue to be in their descendants, the Bedouins, an untamable race of savages, whose delight is in robbery and plunder. 34:5; Josh. Is Glen Miller's explanation concerning why the women, children, and animals were killed in 1 Samuel 15 possible based on the text? Shepherds used this same methodology to count their flock. 23:7 -- "You shall not abhor an Edomite for he is your brother.". People are free to rebel, if they choose, but the consequence of such rebellion will be death. They were to be under him and over everything else. The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia. King Herod and his family were Idumean [Edomite] converts to Judaism, and Amalekites may have lived there long after the tribe fades from the biblical record. A summary of Davids conquests of Amalek is given in 2 Samuel 8:12 and 1 Chronicles 18:11. Counting and finding real solutions of an equation, tar command with and without --absolute-names option. An Amalekite is a name for a member of the Amalekite nation. For example, Rabbi Hayim Palaggi stated: We can rely on the maxim that in ancient times, Sennacherib confused the lineage of many nations. They were among the nomadic raiders defeated by Gideon and were condemned to annihilation by Samuel. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Start for FREE. Where did the Israelites go after leaving Rephidim? See 1 Samuel 15:7 where Saul is said to have defeated the Amalekites, from Havilah as far as Shur, which is east of Egypt. This seems to have been the same general area inhabited by the Ishmaelites about whom it is stated: They dwelt from Havilah to Shur, which is opposite Egypt in the direction of Assyria (Gen 25:18). 41 The Son of Man will send his angels, and they will gather out of his kingdom all causes of sin and all law-breakers, 42 and throw them into the fiery furnace. The immediate reason given for the destruction of the Amalekites in 1 Samuel 15 is given in verse 2: Thus says the LORD of hosts, I have noted what Amalek did to Israel in opposing them on the way when they came up out of Egypt. There is an earlier reference to the word Amalek in Genesis 14:7 where Chedorlaomer (c. 1900 b.c.)
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