China is located in East Asia and at the West is the Pacific Ocean. The Eastern Mediterranean was shaped by certain geographical and climatological forces that enabled life, through rainfall agriculture, but that also limited life, due to a lack of largescale irrigative rivers, constant aridity, and the blight of frequent drought. Thus, when Clovis was baptized as a Christian, it signified the conversion of all of the Franks. The official language of China is Mandarin, or putonghua, meaning ordinary language or common language. There are three variants of MandarinBeijing, Chengdu, and Nanjing. These religions emphasized the importance of living a simple and spiritual life, which was well suited to the harsh living conditions of the desert. The climatological weather patterns of the wider Mediterranean Sea region govern seasonal wind flows, as well as precipitation. If a large group of immigrants emigrates to a new country, they will bring their culture with them to the new location. Indeed, the region primarily can be characterized by an agricultural economic base through the mid-twentieth century CE. In the modern West, the great religions of the world coexist side-by-side. The surrounding desert, mountains, and seas created natural barriers which protected the Ancient Chinese civilization from outside invaders. Example: In some cases, religious identity and ethnic identity are combined. Each of these affects the development of religion in a given area. The most obvious change in political institutions was that the old feudal structure was replaced by systems of incipient bureaucracy under monarchy. In 1969, Hassan S. Haddad wrote a brief article titled Georgic Cults and Saints of the Levant, wherein he noted the similarities of Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir among agricultural communities of Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Levant (Haddad 1969, 21-39). In West Asia, the harsh desert environment and the scarcity of resources led to the development of monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Pretend that you are a geographer studying religion. Kevin has edited encyclopedias, taught history, and has an MA in Islamic law/finance. Additionally, it guide people in the use of their limited time on Earth. ), Qin (221-206 B.C.E. The Exodus & Other Movements of the Ancient Hebrew Peoples, Social Structure in Early China | Main Social Classes of Early China, Farming in Ancient China: Lesson for Kids, Political & Cultural Issues in Confucius' Time, The Han Dynasty in China: Characteristics, Wu Ti & Xiongnu, Geography of Early Settlements in Egypt, Kush & Canaan, Transportation in Ancient China: Lesson for Kids, Political Contributions of the Han Dynasty, Huang-He River Valley | Civilizations, Geography & Dynasties, Influence of Geographic Factors on Politics in East Asia. 2007. Oftentimes, people with a shared heritage share cultural, religious, and ethnic characteristics. To that end, and as compared with a traditional world religions paradigm, theories associated with the field of Geography of Religion represent a more-promising approach for understanding the ways in which locality and temporality inform religious phenomena. Both A and C is correct.THIS PART IS : FILL IN THE BLANK.3. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The geography of religion also takes account of the relationship between religion and ethnicity. Due to the vast differences of landcover throughout China, there are also many other contrasting climates. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. In some religions, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, believers are forbidden to contact apostates. Religion is also studied within cultural geography, which studies how cultural processes spread. Beijing (Peking), the capital of the Peoples Republic, is also the cultural, economic, and communications centre of the country. Many of these features, like different mountain ranges and deserts, created natural barriers to keep ancient China isolated and protected. Geographic Influences on Migration in the Caribbean, Central & South America, Political & Cultural Issues in Confucius' Time. 2010. The Storm-god in the Ancient Near East. Returning to the major example of this article, the characteristics shared by Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir in the Eastern Mediterranean long have been considered peculiar when those figures were studied solely as products of their respective religious traditions; i.e., when they were studied from within a world religions paradigm. It explores the ways in which religion, its symbols, rites, beliefs and hopes have shaped the world in which we live. The cold temperatures also kept Ancient China from expanding to the North. Modern Westerners believe there is a difference between religion and culture. This would constitute apostasy, a crime which is punishable by death. Impact Of Geography On China Ancient China is one of the oldest and longest lasting civilizations in the world. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. 3c. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. In the Asian country of Israel, Judaism is dominant. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Geography of Religion as a Method: Geographical Contextualization. Geography, and the geological and climatological characteristics that are thereby derived, have a significant effect upon the daily life and needs of people. Thus, many Jews in Israel are not believers, but they are still Jewish. However, the political interest was more on internal land than water. Identifying the common geographical and cultural environment for these figures explains as well why these figures are not shared in the same way outside of the Levant. Expert Answers. Fimbulwinter consists of three consecutive winters with no intervening summers, during which time snow comes from all directions and most of the living world dies of the cold. Geographical and agricultural motifs developed in the region that both were relevant and meaningful in such a setting. Geography influences the development of the people who occupy given areas. Due to the natural barriers surrounding Ancient China, they did not have knowledge or access to other cultures for centuries. How does geography play a role in the development and spread of religion? Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. God.c. Throughout the second half of the second millennium BCE and the first millennium BCE, Baal-Hadad often was named the patron deity of particular cities, inspiring local epithets of Baal-Hadad that linked him with those cities (e.g., Baal of Tyre, Baal of Aleppo). Baal-Hadad: A Study of the Syrian Storm-god. PhD diss., University of Chicago. She has been a classroom teacher for more than 16 years and currently works at an international baccalaureate middle school located in Houston, TX. Thus, China grew independently with lesser external influence on its cultural growth. They also had interaction with Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Laos, Srilanka, and Singapore. The Ancient Chinese have thrived for thousands of years because of the geography, their skills, and their talents. How did geography affect religious events and development in West Asia, in the - 4932644. answered 2. In Protestantism, About Jesus or God.1. Religious beliefs and ideas, symbols and practice, are naturally affected by the social and geographical conditions in which the theology is elaborated" (Hinnels 2010, 13). Religion is a driving force in the lives of billions of people around the world. The biggest disadvantage is that it made trade more difficult between Ancient China and other early civilizations. Even in less extreme faiths, people may lose friendships and strain relationships with family members should they renounce their beliefs. However, the other world religions can be easily separated from ethnicity. This was an experience shared by all peoples in the region, regardless of distinctions in religious identity(ies), social class, urban or rural location, age, or gender. Agrarian religious culture is therefore naturally slow to change and associated with a longue-dure perspective (Grehan 2014, 16). Time Geography Overview & Examples | What is Time Geography? Thus, Asia Minor became a Trade Hub for traders going in and out of West Asia or Europe, which boosted the economy of Anatolia. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. By having faith,we can grow our relationship in God,not only that,we can also get closer to God,not only by lacking faith,but also having faith.d. Monotheism History, Origin & Examples | What is Monotheism? In fact, since at least 1200 CE, agrarian communities of Jews, Christians, Muslims, and others in the Eastern Mediterranean largely have shared and sometimes conflated the figures of Jewish Elijah, Christian St. George, and Muslim al-Khir. Rachel Payne Gill is a World Cultures teacher, and has her Master's in Education from Lamar university. The Invention of World Religions. Due to such diverse regions within the Gobi Desert, the climate is also very diverse. That is, according to a Geography of Religion theoretical perspective, religions inherently are geographically contextualized: prevailing political, social, religious, and physical-geographical conditions evident within a particular locality are understood to influence the development and manifestation of that localitys religious traditions at any given point in time. That suggests that we in religious studies need better to recognize regional specificity even for global religions and that we need to recognize the existence of regionally specific relationships between religious traditions. 1 God in ___ persons.a. Two very different approaches have been adopted in recent work - 'religious geography' and . Geography is important to China because they have many natural barriers. They represent moments-in-time; each text, image, or site functions like a small window into history. What are the effects of geography on language development? 55. Gerrymandering History, Types & Examples | What is Gerrymandering? The great majority of the population is Chinese (Han), and thus China is often characterized as an ethnically homogeneous country, but few countries have as wide a variety of indigenous peoples as does China. That is because a traditional world religions perspective of these figures understood the figures only in isolation, uprooted from their local settings, and separated from their local communities. If you are uncomfortable writing about your personal experience with your region's religion, then simply make up a scenario about the way geography and religion intersect. Where did civilization begin. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. With its mountain ranges jutting upward next to the sea and just inland of a narrow band of coastal plains, the mountainous topography of the region governs which areas of the Levant attract rainfall the windward sides of the mountains and which areas are perennially dry the leeward sides of the mountains, which descend into dry plains and plateaus to the east. Unit 9.3: Classical Civilizations has long vexed users of the New Visions Social Studies Curriculum. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The diversity of both Chinas relief and its climate has resulted in one of the worlds widest arrays of ecological niches, and these niches have been filled by a vast number of plant and animal species. Despite similar characteristics between Baal-Hadad, Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir, and the fact that, for at least the past 800 years, local agricultural communities of Jews, Christians, Muslims, Druze, Alawites, and others have venerated and often conjoined these figures, outside of the Eastern Mediterranean, the linkages between these figures previously were unable to be seen. However, in the Eastern Mediterranean, where those figures originated, they share characteristics sometimes considered peculiar, or anomalous: in the Eastern Mediterranean region known as the Levant, similarities between these figures largely have revolved around the geographical and meteorological motifs of rain, storms, thunder, lightning, greenness, fertility, fecundity, the ability to appear and disappear, associations with mountains and other high places, local feast or celebration days of April 23, and the motif of vanquishing a dragon. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Language shift can be described as a diffusion process in accordance with physical diffusionas spread of the dominant language and resulting retreat of the minority language. The second tropical rainforest is the Xishuangbanna in the Yunnan Province, located on the southwest tip of China. geography affected trade because it had rivers mountains and lakes, which was geostrategic which made trade easier also, they had natural resources such as gold, and salt, which helps trade because people that was their main source for trade.it also had the desert which made travel harder and was harder for invaders to . What type of diffusion spreads languages? Religious violence can also be based on strong differences in beliefs. How does geography affect culture? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. China's first dynasties helped chinese society develop and made many other achievements. History also plays a major role in shaping the geography of religion. 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Specifically, it was Asia Minor(or Anatolia), which is now modern-day Turkey, became the landbridge between Europe and Asia. Charlemagne, crowned Holy Roman Emperor, executed thousands of pagans who refused to convert to Christianity. By resurrecting past wrongs, people conjure up a cycle of violence. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Fimbulwinter precedes Ragnark, a cataclysmic series of wars and great events in which some of the great gods die before the world is entirely submerged by water, and, eventually, renewed again. Thus, the geography of these regions played a major role in shaping the development and spread of religions. The climate across the Himalayan Mountains also is not a uniform climate and changes with the monsoons. The Tibetan Tundra is located in the Tibetan plateau and has the coldest temperatures, which limits the use of its land severely. The Splintered Divine: A Study of Itar, Baal, and Yahweh Divine Names and Divine Multiplicity in the Ancient Near East, Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records 5. Symbolism in The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank | Examples & Analysis, How the Spread of Religion Changed Developing Civilizations, Bodhi Tree Meaning, Symbol & Art |Buddha Under a Bodhi Tree, Human & Cultural Geography | Overview, Characteristics & Examples. The largest desert in east Asia is the Gobi Desert. These names do not refer to separate deities, but instead should be considered manifestations of Baal-Hadad as associated with a particular locality (Allen 2015; Schwemer 2008, 15-16; Haddad 1960, 46). Religion is a way of life that unites a community. Using this method, texts, images, and sites associated with particular gods or other religious figures, with motifs, and with metaphors can be geographically contextualized. Humans respond and adapt to the conditions they encounter, developing patterns of behavior and customs to cope with dry deserts, arctic cold, high mountain ranges or the isolation of an island. This desert runs across the northern border of China and the southern border of Mongolia. Because Chinas population is so enormous, the population density of the country is also often thought to be uniformly high, but vast areas of China are either uninhabited or sparsely populated. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. China has a coastline of over 10,000km. Its climate ranges from extremely dry, desertlike conditions in the northwest to tropical monsoon in the southeast, and China has the greatest contrast in temperature between its northern and southern borders of any country in the world. . These names do not refer to separate deities, but instead should be considered manifestations of Baal-Hadad as associated with a particular locality (Allen 2015; Schwemer 2008, 15-16; Haddad 1960, 46). I feel like its a lifeline. New York: Routledge. Discover what geographic features isolated ancient China from other civilizations and learn geography facts about China. Example: If your region is filled with a lot of yoga studios, there may be a high Buddhist population in the area. Knott, Kim. -Religion is powerfully motivating and torturing humans who fight for their beliefs. In old Norse mythology, Fimbulvetr (Fimbulwinter or great winter) is the harsh winter that precedes the end of the world. One way of thinking of religions within this framework is as separate silos massive vertical worlds unto themselves, which do not intersect with other religious traditions. The Gobi Desert runs across the northern border of China and the southern border of Mongolia. India also traded with the Arabian Penninsula in West Asia. Indeed, even in the West, religious differences can be met with fear and spark conflict. Like other early civilizations, Ancient China developed along rivers: the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. -Most people are born into their religion. In the country of Israel, things get a bit tricky, since Judaism is both a faith and an ethnic identity. In the region, Elijah and St. George are known and beloved for the trait of being defenders of true religion over and against false gods. The country is bounded by Mongolia to the north; Russia and North Korea to the northeast; the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea to the east; the South China Sea to the southeast; Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), India, Bhutan, and Nepal to the south; Pakistan to the southwest; and Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan to the west. Example: The purpose of geographers is not to judge or change the religious beliefs of people in a specific region, but rather, it is to understand aspects like how that region's laws are influenced by religious beliefs. This manner of organization and study focuses on discrete, comprehensive traditions, and normative beliefs and practices (Knott 2010, 478). In the sixteenth-seventeenth century Geographers studied the spread of Christianity on a worldwide scale, Why? The father and the son.b. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. My own book Sacred Worlds: an introduction to Geography and Religion, was published in 1994. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". China's two river systems have also greatly influenced its history and culture. Based on geography, one can often predict a given person's religious faith with a reasonable degree of certainty. He has a BA in Philosophy from UC Santa Barbara, and an MA in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics from CEVRO Institute, Prague, Czech Republic. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. When we study Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir as. Extremists who want to justify violence usually do so by cherry-picking passages of religious texts. He has since founded his own financial advice firm, Newton Analytical. And these motifs extend even further back in time. In . The Geography of Religion: Faith, Place and Space. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Since it is a driving force for billions of people, religion is a fruitful area of study. The tropical rainforests, or jungles, kept China from expanding south, and the cold tundra across the Tibetan Plateau kept them from expanding north. Provincial power reached its peak in the first two decades of the 20th century, but, since the establishment of the Peoples Republic, that power has been curtailed by a strong central leadership in Beijing. The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part One,, Geography, Religion, Gods, and Saints in the Eastern Mediterranean, Media, Video and Lectures From The Arizona Center for Judaic Studies of the University of Arizona, Teaching the Bible in Public Schools and Higher Ed, Scholars, Frauds, the Media and the Public, Essays on Minimalism from Bible and Interpretation, Final Reports on the Yehoash Inscription and James Ossuary from the Israeli Antiquities Authority, Essays on the James Ossuary and the Temple Tablet from Bible and Interpretation, University of Arizona, Center for Judaic Studies, Department of Archaeology and Art History, University of Evansville. The War also scared off other civilizations like Rome, Arabians, and Persians. Its topography encompasses the highest and one of the lowest places on Earth, and its relief varies from nearly impenetrable mountainous terrain to vast coastal lowlands. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Similarly, when the Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan accepted Islam, thousands of nomadic Turkic bands followed him into the faith. The holy spirit., what did the apostle of Jesus do which brought joy to many?, what do we need to do to understand and apply the teachings of jesus in our life., Why do we need to determine the cultural relativism in attaining the cultural understanding?. 223 lessons. The floods would sometimes become uncontrollable, until the Chinese developed a system . The negative side of increased exposure to other cultures is that this brings some rare languages to the brink of extinction. Regis University 1 How geography influences religion and religion affect culture? This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Geography, Space and the Sacred. In The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion, 2nd ed., 476491. The East China Sea and the South China Sea border the east coast of China and extend into the Pacific Ocean. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Whatever the case may be, geographers will be there to note the relationships between religiosity, politics, and culture. These terrains were dangerous for Armies to travel. Across the Gobi Desert, temperatures contrast greatly depending on the region of desert. Using a Different Lens: Geography of Religion. This was good for protection from invaders, but kept the early civilization from interactions with the other early civilizations to the west. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. One major geographical feature of Ancient China is the Gobi Desert. Jennie Ebeling --Department of Archaeology and Art History, University of Evansville, Copyright 2000-2023 The Bible and Interpretation| All Rights Reserved |The University of Arizona | Developed bySBS Tech The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". the human.b. China, which has the largest population of any country in the world, is composed of diverse ethnic and linguistic groups. Internal and External Criticism - brainly.ph/question/3459292, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Despite that, much of the Levant falls within the 400 mm (12 inches) isohyet, and most of the region generally receives, therefore, sufficient annual rainfall to enable the cultivation of rainfall or rain-fed agriculture. Religion also helps people comprehend death. This makes it very difficult to leave one's church. Although the trade routes helped spread the Chinese culture with trade, Ancient China still did not allow foreigners into the region. The geography in a certain region might be a feature of the landscape that impedes movement of human populations. ), and Ming (1368-1644 C.E.). The China's first dynasties helped chinese society develop and made . The island province of Taiwan, which has been under separate administration since 1949, is discussed in the article Taiwan. China's physical geography made farming possible but travel and communication difficult. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Geographers also take account of laws and social norms that shape religious practice in the present. The phenomenon of local communities of Jews, Christians, and Muslims venerating Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir in the Eastern Mediterranean for at least the past 800 years is inextricable from the cultural and geographical contexts of the Eastern Mediterranean. 2015. 7 Why did geography study the spread of Christianity on a worldwide scale? Three main features in particular have affected geography in the Eastern Mediterranean. If you want to understand the origins of yogic texts and practices within Hindu religious traditions, you must seek to contextualize their emergence by investigating the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali for the 4th-century CE religious, political, and geographical (relating to place) conditions that combined to influence their development. After all, how can people with different values live together peacefully? Religious extremists then draw on these passages to justify their use of force. The lens of geography, however, is far more useful in this instance than is that of world religions. Rather than searching within only the single silo of the religious tradition of Christianity in order to investigate in isolation the peculiar characteristics of St. George which results in precious little explanation using the lens of geography allows us to pan out, to investigate these same characteristics in other regional figures, across religious traditions, and across time, which helps explain not only the noteworthy and unusual characteristics of St. George, but also to identify developments and changes, as well as linkages and interconnections with other spatially and historically proximate religious traditions and figures, like Elijah and al-Khir, and even the ancient storm-god Baal-Hadad.
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