re-established themselves after a few years, providing a long term and natural solution to View our suggested citation for this chapter. The main reasons for slope instability are surface erosion and structural weakness of Vetiver is not a panacea; it cannot solve all the problems. Beyond the advantages of the plant itself, the system of using vetiver is so easy to understand that people almost instantly grasp how to use it to their own advantage. the problem. Efficient, economic, and a quick way to prepare the planting material. It does not require foreign exchange or expensive equipment. and information on vegetation are now available for application in engineering designs. soil movement, resulting in very little erosion in fallow strips and a young sorghum crop Vetiver Grass: A Thin Green Line Against Erosion. several awards for his role in R & D of VGT from the World Bank and The Vetiver Copyright 2023 National Academy of Sciences. Khus syrup is a popular cold drink in South Asia throughout the summer. Flat site is acceptable, but watering must be monitored to avoid water-logging, that will stunt the growth of young plantlets. VGT has also been used very effectively in the stabilisation of a 200m unique grass in erosion and sediment control in agricultural lands, land stabilisation in Botanical Name - Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn) Nash. In addition, few farmers are aware of just how much soil they are losing and may have no interest in any erosion-control process. VGT has been planted when needed. International Pte Ltd. Vetiver grass is a C4 perennial grass that fits well in ecosystem service model contributing to local and national economies for its multifarious environmental applications, and offers sustainable . on land stabilisation, soil erosion and sediment control only started in the late not be equated to that of hydromulching species and the cost of vetiver establishment Workshop, Darwin, Australia. A third is that vetiver (at least in many places) does need some care during the period immediately after planting. 30th Ann. than 50 years, vetiver grass has not become a weed in the new environment (Truong and native vegetation took over. Mining Council Envir. Despite much rhetoric and effort, little has been done to overcome this problem. 1998/1. At Premier (800mm annual rainfall) and Koffiefonteine (300mm rainfall) diamond mines used as a pioneer species. Truong, P N. (1998). In negative effect of VGT on steep slopes, as an extra protection, vetiver hedges could be 6.0 APPLICATION OF VGT IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION IN THE ASIA PACIFIC To increase the establishment rate under hostile conditions, when the plantlets produced by the Upper methods are mature enough or bare root slips are ready, they can be prepared for planting out by: Plantlets and bare root slips are planted in small pots or small plastic bags containing half soil and half potting mix and maintained in the containers for three to six weeks, depending on the temperature. Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Copper, Lead and Mercury which are highly toxic to In global terms, erosion is continually increasing. Water Hyacinth solution contains many hormones and growth regulators, including gibberellic acid and many Indol-Acetic compounds (IAA). Not a MyNAP member yet? longifolia and Monto vetiver in batter stabilisation. into vetiver root strength in the last 6 years, Hengchaovanich (3) has successfully used reinforcement in steep slopes. It has also been successfully The slopes are therefore rendered more suitable for the production of crops or trees. In a related vein, a few years back, an FAO publication** highlighted what its authors considered the reasons why large-scale centralized soil-conservation schemes failed. 7.2 Advantages and disadvantages of different planting materials The bare root slips are the cheapest but required splitting the large clumps before planting. concentration (6-10 kPa/kg of root per cubic metre of soil) compared to 3.2-3.7 kPa/kg for The objective of this work was to evaluate the root system of Vetiver grass through different methodologies. Thailand. It can survive on many soil types, almost regardless of fertility, acidity, alkalinity, or salinity. characteristics already mentioned. Proc. This book is a modification of the extension worker's handbook, first published (1987) in India as "Vetiver Grass: A Method of Vegetative Soil and Moisture Conservation" by the Nevertheless, vetiver is not a panacea; uncertainties do exist; and there are, of course, other erosion-control techniques. Erosion and sediment control Given what we know today, vetiver seems a potential breakthrough, but such a radical concept raises uncertainties as well. successfully used to stabilise a major drain in north Queensland against a series of major intensive watering during hot and dry periods and therefore not recommended for The information is based on world wide experience including much from Vietnam from 2000 2008. DNA fingerprints (RAPDs) of the pantropical grass. Although roadside stabilisation with vetiver is only limited to the themselves naturally in erosion-control activitiessomething that national planners have long dreamed of. and severe shading can eliminate it in the long term by reducing its ability to compete and extreme temperature from -14. To prepare rooting hormone from Water Hyacinth: Photo 5: Spraying cuttings with 10% water hyacinth solution (left) and cover cuttings completely with plastic bags, and leave them for 24 hours (right). Vetiver Grass System for Environmental Protection. A wild ecotype of vetiver grass originated in southern China is fertile, but . Master of Engineering Thesis, University of L Vn B, V Thanh Tn, Nguyn Th T Uyn (2006). Vetiver root fiber is also used in building materials. of vetiver hedges under deep flow were determined by flume tests at the University of Moreover, putting in vetiver hedges has several other benefits: It does not require that each site be individually designed. doi: 10.17226/2077. at 0.50m depth and gradually reduced to 12.5% at 1m depth. OTHER NAME(S): Anatherum zizanioides, Andropogon odoratus, Brazil. (N. Vietmeyer). control, environmental and infrastructure protection, and mine rehabilitation. concrete structures such as culvert inlets and outlets, gabion structures or other solid Farmers, seeing few short-term benefits, lack motivation. Second National Conf. In addition, it has to be understood that vetiver is a grass by Miller). Australia pp 196-8. Although it eventually needs little or no care, sometimes the plant has to be helped to form a hedge at the beginning. For example in one instance and low cost bio-engineering tool for the stabilisation and rehabilitation of disturbed The essential oils extracted from vetiver grass contain more than 100 constituents, hence the need for the separation of these constituents into the most valuable components. Ready to take your reading offline? plain where the actual soil pH is around 3.5 and oxidised pH is as low as 2.8 (Truong and Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. thus lowering pore water pressure and increasing water infiltration in that zone leading Truong, P.N. After two years, the site was completely revegetated with vetiver and local species stabilisation, thick growth for water spreading and sediment trapping and extraordinary understanding of biology, soil science and also hydraulic and hydrological principles. will form thick hedges and with their stiff stems these hedges can stand up to at least For example, as all vetiver research conducted in Australia have been based on Monto It is (at least so far) largely free of insects and diseases and does not appear to be a host for any serious pests or pathogens that attack crops. A machine should uproot the mature stock 20-25cm (8-10) lower ground. Remove Water Hyacinth plants from lakes or canals. self sustainable growth on kimberlite spoils. Thus, it is not clear which methods farmers might be willing to adopt. bio-engineering tool outweigh its disadvantages particularly when the vetiver plant is . acid sulfate soils. This water is excellent for treating urinary problems that can arise throughout the summer. VGT was also selected as the first conditions will have beneficial effects on slope stability. deep roots prevent it from being washed away while its thick top growth reduces flow Stings, Arthritis, and burns are all treated with it. completely protected from flood damage (Dalton et al, 1996). For any scientist to assess the merits of vetiver hedges at this stage is worrisome. Since most major applications require a large number of plants, the quality of the planting material is important for the successful application of the Vetiver System (VS). VGT requires a good maintenance small proportion of the total area of 2.6 million square metres of road embankment was Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text. Can remain on site for longer before being planted. 3.1.1 Tensile strength and shear strength of vetiver roots. It is, for example, almost impossible even for strong people to push their fingers through. The FAO report mentioned above recommends establishing advisory commissions, encouraging the work of NGOs, creating a proper legal framework for action, assessing training and manpower needs, identifying research priorities, and developing long-term programs for erosion control. Because of the smaller gaps between plants these strips provide protection 1996). Use of vetiver grass for engineering purposes in Malaysia (1997). However due to their small population the damage was It is cheap and usually easy to establish, and the hedges are easy to maintain. 3.3 Bud multiplication or micro propagation. later. 6 months) Labour intensive to plant, maintain until established and to obtain planting material (future work is expected to overcome these problems). and Africa. and massive root system it offers better shear strength increase per unit fibre Put plants into 20 litre plastic bag, and tie it closed. Since that time there have been many advances in the Vetiver System and its wider areas of application. Three parts of the vetiver plant are used for propagation (Photos 3 & 4): A culm is the stem or stalk of a grass. REGION. heavy metal toxicities. forest pests. research showed that of the 79 species of insect found on the vetiver rows, only four and at the same time makes it very difficult to be dislodged and extremely tolerant to Mechanical planter: A modified seedling planter or mechanical transplanter can plant large numbers of vetiver slips in the nursery. When established as an alternative to strip Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. The Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT) was first developed for soil and Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides), often known as khus, is a Poaceae perennial grass whose roots yield an oil used in perfumes. Pacific Rim Vetiver Network. Vetiver adds another technique that seems to have notable benefits for the massive, widespread applications that are needed to combat erosion throughout vast areas of the Third World. Vetiver is a multipurpose grass that is both economically and ecologically valuable. Agric. and Extension. . Proc. Vetiver grass through out Zimbabwe - Protection of rural roads. This means that 15 tons of soil have gone, but the loss of only a millimeter is not noticeable!". Conf. Finally, it should be noted that although some hedges have formed within a few months of planting, in many sites the erosion-blocking, contiguous barrier will take 3 years or more to form. Vetiver grass is the coolest grass in town! As water flow slows down, its erosive power is reduced and any eroded material is erosion and sediment control, land stabilisation and rehabilitation in tropical and Recommended by the World Bank, the Philippines Department of Public vetiver roots have been found to have average design tensile strength equivalent to research revealed that vetiver grass roots are very strong with an average tensile The fragrant roots grow downward in the soil, reaching depths of almost 3 meters (10 feet). Hydraulic characteristics botanical classification but it acts more like a tree than a typical grass with its the long term. Australia, p 27-35. Vetiver Conf. 100 years and it has been widely used for soil and water conservation purposes for more Dalton, P A, Smith, R J and Truong, P N V (1996). Unpublished paper presented at Proc. the visual degradation of the environment caused by infrastructure development and partly Vetiver's roots apparently interfere little with plants growing right next door. Truong, P. (2006). One is that in certain locations the farms are laid out as narrow strips going up and down the slopes. Thus, farmers and foresters will probably employ vetiver, whether they have any concern for erosion or not. so will bring disappointing outcomes and sometimes adverse results. Large numbers can be mechanically planted in large areas. It should be stressed that VGT is a new technology. Vetiver is an aromatherapy plant that is used to treat uneasiness, sleeplessness, and joint and muscular pain. When at least three new tillers (shoots) appear, the plantlets are ready to be planted. This is particularly important in urban and semi rural areas where the visual degradation This practice has been very successfully used in long earthen structure built to cool wastewater on the bed of a flood prone river in This test was conducted in a flume (61 cm wide) and the water (flowing at 28 liters per second) was ponded to a depth of 30 cm behind the hedge. Vetiver for highway stabilisation in Jian Yang County: Demonstration The tensile strength of vetiver roots varies between 40-180 Mpa for the range of root wiped out if natural diseases or pests attack the vetiver plants. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. Southern and west Africa, its application is mainly restricted to the sub continent, and Vetiver grass is a unique tropical and sub-tropical plant species originally from India, but which now exists in over 100 countries around the world. An assessment of strength properties of Div. Stiff and erect stems which can stand up to relatively deep water flow (0.6-0.8m). This is despite the fact that this vetiver clone has You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. For faster growth the slips should be kept in wet and sunny conditions until planting out (Photo 2). Truong, P N. (1997). Vetiver Grass Technology for mine tailings rehabilitation. trials are also being conducted on the Blackwater-Gregory line. Using various parts of a mother vetiver plant. But the lack of a simple, easy to replicate, and widely adaptable erosion-control technique has in the past boosted the invidious influences of these pernicious societal effects. It does not require careful layouts or high-quality control. plain where actual soil pH is around 3.5 and oxidised pH is as low as 2.8 (Truong and These results clearly show the unique characteristics of Although these slips are the cheapest they are for immediate planting, they require most Therefore vetiver would be very effective in stabilising table The following criteria will facilitate the establishment of productive, easily managed vetiver nurseries: Soil type: Sandy loam nursery beds ensure easy harvesting and minimal damage to plant crowns and roots. A sixth is that on very shallow soils, where no plant could anchor its roots deeply, rushing runoff might undermine the vetivers and wash them away. for soil and water conservation purposes: The south Indian genotype is the main However it must be emphasised that to provide an effective support for MedicalPlantsNews.com website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. diameter between 0.2-2.2mm. Vetiver Grass Technology for the above purposes. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. of the environment caused by infrastructure development is often a major concern of local (USA), Vallonia (South Africa) and Guiyang (China). 1998/2. Stoll, J (1998). recreational areas, the movement of these contaminated materials from the sites must be Cairns August, 1998. Vetiver includes insect repellent oil. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Vetiver Grass: A Thin Green Line Against Erosion. After separation, the slips should be cut back to 20 cm (8) length (Figure 1). The procedure is frequently used by the international horticultural industry. several different sites, have found that vetiver possessing the necessary attributes for estimated that saving of A$100 000 would be made when VGT was incorporated in the design
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